Attracts butterflies and insects. This is one of the finest, truly silver-leaved shrubs. A foundation monograph of Convolvulus (Convolvulaceae). Convolvulus cneorum Media in category " Convolvulus cneorum " The following 34 files are in this category, out of 34 total. Plants from the Convolvulus genus are hardy annual or hardy perennial vines. This happened in the summer even though when I saw it was watering but nothing i could do stopped this. Growth Habit: Semi herbaceous to woody . October 2017. Landscape designer's footnote: Bush morning glory was a hugely popular shrub to plant in Phoenix landscapes during the 1990s and early 2000s. That's starnge Angela - it should work if it's below that size. It's under slight cover by a willow but ope. Convolvulus arvensis - Field Bindweed by Phil Sellen. But do appreciate your help. I didn't realise they are hard to keep. Registered office: Ampfield House, Ampfield, Romsey, Hampshire SO51 9PA. [2] Description [ edit] Six weeks before expected last frost. Museum. Many gardeners consider most Convolvulus plants to be weeds. Will keep trying with photo. Position in full sun and fill with quality potting mix, such as Yates Potting Mix with Dynamic Lifter . Form a raised or doughnut shaped ring of soil around the outer edge of the plant's root zone. Note: These trees and shrubs are listed in Regulation 24 . I'm a cool paragraph that lives inside of an even cooler modal. Flora Europaea 3: 74-83. It is native to the rocky coast and islands of southern Europe from Spain east to Croatia and Albania where it is often found growing in cracks in rocks. Join the Yates Garden Community to receive personalised monthly emails, and hear about exclusive promotions and giveaways. En cliquant sur Accepter , j'accepte l'utilisation des cookies telle qu'elle est dcrite plus en dtail dans la Politique d'Utilisation des Cookies de Houzz. Commonly known as Ground Morning Glory or Silver Bush, Convolvulus are hardy perennial plants that have various uses in the garden. Remove the plant from the container, gently tease the roots. Accessed: 09-Oct-10. Requirements: Full sunlight. The Convolvulus species of the Canary Isles, the Mediterranean region, and the Near and Middle East.. Mededelingen van het Botanisch Museum en Herbarium van de Rijksuniversiteit te Utrecht 281: 1-288. White pentagon funnel-shaped flowers, 1 1/2 to 2 inches wide, with yellow centers bloom from pink buds in the late spring through early fall on loose . Plant Selector + has been assisted by SA Water and the Local Government Research and Development Scheme. It's a bit difficult without a pic Angela, but they're not the hardiest plants in the world either, so there's a chance it's just suffering from weather and climate conditions, and is finally succumbing. Following the settling in period limit water to once a week. I'm new on here so hopefully I've done this right. Bush Morning Glory. It is a subshrub and grows primarily in the subtropical biome. If planning to grow Convolvulus plants outside from seed then they should be planted at a depth of 3 mm (1/8th inch). Convolvulus cneorum - Silver Bush. Accessed: 04 November 2019. This plant can handle the heat while still looking great, so consider it for, areas around your patio, courtyard or pool that receive hot, reflected sun, does not tolerate wet soil well and also prefers slightly alkaline soils, which are more prevalent throughout the western United States. Scientific: Convolvulus sabatius Common: ground morning glory Family: Convolvulaceae Origin: southern Europe Pronounciation: Con-VOL-vu-lus sa-BA-tee-us Hardiness zones Sunset 4-9, 12-24 USDA 7-11. GardenersHQ 2005-2023 Dean Ravenscroft / Thank you for visiting my gardening site; 2023 - 03 - 02 : Privacy Policy. Both this plant and Convolvulus sabatius were winners of the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit in 1993 and we have been growing both since 1985. I. Bush morning glory requires little maintenance but does benefit from pruning back by at least one half its size every year or two in midwinter to keep it from becoming leggy and to stimulate new growth. PhytoKeys 51: 1-282. Latin specific epitet cneorum este un cuvnt de origine greac referindula un micmslinicum ar fi plante, eventualo specie de Daphne. Sometimes called Silverbush, this evergreen shrubs offers beautiful soft, silvery foliage all year around. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and https://powo.science.kew.org/, Copyright 2022 World Checklist of Vascular Plants. Bush morning glory provides a consistent intense spring bloom each year. Funnel-shaped white or light pink flowers with yellow centers form in late spring and summer. masses of flowers in Spring. In full flower. Family: Convolvulaceae As evening approaches, the flowers close until the next day. The flowers have a buttery yellow eye and the foliage remains attractive year round. Avoid overhead watering to prevent the spread of fungal disease. completely hide the foliage underneath. Keep in mind its eventual spread, as the biggest landscaping problem is planting this nice sub-shrub in locations that are too small and narrow to accommodate its eventual spread. Convolvulus cneorum. How to grow Convolvulus cneorum Plant size 60cm height 75cm spread Aspect South facing, west facing Sun exposure: Full sun Hardiness: Half hardy 60cm height x 60cm spread Convolvulus cneorum Growing Guide Planting Position a sunny spot and plant in well-drained soil. USDA 8 marginal, 9-11. Propagate: cutting in summer. The specific epithet comes from 'cneoron' the Greek name for Daphne gnidium so presumably it was thought that this plant resembled this plant. Conservatoire et Jardin Botanique de la ville de Genve. Exceptional Care for Your Products Guaranteed. IPNI - The International Plant Names Index. It is often sold in the trade as Bush Morning Glory. Bush Propagation: Seed, or softwood cuttings, rooted in peat and & Scotland, R.W. The evergreen silver lance-shaped foliage reaches . Can I save it or will it just come back next year? and information about flower of all kind for landscape and collections.We try to check carefully the identification of the plants Convolvulus cneorum, arbuul de argint sau arbustul bindweed, este o specie de plant cu flori din familia Convolvulaceae, care conine multe plante descrise ca bindweed". Cuscuta . Once planted, water once or twice a week for two to three weeks until established. Convolvulus boissieri est une espce de plantes dicotyldones de la famille des Convolvulaceae. They have heart shaped leaves, some varieties flower but for one day, with trumpet flowers (can be blue, white, pink or purple). Disease and Pests: Highly prone to attack by fungal root rot pathogens if & al. The leaves are grey-green and are covered in fine hairs which give the plant a silvery appearance. Germination takes about one to two weeks. Growth Habit: Evergreen, woody perennial subshrub, slow to moderate growth to 2-feet tall with a 4-foot spread. In Croatia it is found on many of the islands off the coast. Soil is clay but it's got a lot of good topsoil. They burst open with the coming of day, revealing bright white petals that almost. Convolvulus arvensis (European bindweed / Field bindweed), photograph by Andreas Rockstein; CC. This website is published by Immediate Media Company Limited under licence from BBC Studios Distribution. Water once or twice a week for two to three weeks until established. Step 4 The native range of this species is Central Medit. Soil pH 6 to 8. Wins! Even plants which like well drained soil and lots of sun need watering till established. Attracts butterflies and insects. That's all I know sorry. Water in well. Have tried adding a photo but it doesn't seem to be being applied to post, The photo maybe too big - resize it below 2.5 MB and it should load no problem. Foliage/Texture: Heavily pubescent to tomentose, grayish lanceolate-shaped leaves to 3 inches; medium texture. Keep doing this until new growth no longer occurs (because the plant is starved of energy). Notes. Seasonal Color: Pink followed by brilliant white Was it well watered when planted? It tolerates near-drought conditions for short periods,[5] and is cold hardy to 9 C.[3] It has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit[1] (confirmed 2017). White pentagon funnel-shaped flowers, 1 1/2 to 2 inches wide, with yellow centers bloom from pink buds in the late spring through early fall on loose panicles, often in such abundance to nearly cover the plant. Flowers. Thankyou so much for trying to help. Next, the seed should first be chipped with a knife and soaked in warm water for a full day beforehand. in Tutin, T.G. if you notice anything that needs to be changed please contact us.Thanks. The willow is quite a distance away. In a previous garden, I had one in a raised bed where I could control the soil better, but it didn't survive. Convolvulus cneorum Stock Photos and Images. Transplant outdoors in mid spring; temperature should not drop below 50F (10C). Index synonymique de la flore d'Afrique du nord 3: 331-351. Free shipping when you spend $25 or more on seeds, Free shipping when you spend $50 or more on other products, Choose a spot in the garden that receives full sun. Form & Character: Prostrate, diminuative, delicate, recessive, soft. Even when the plant is not in flower, the evergreen, silvery-gray foliage adds interest. Ce sont des plantes herbaces ou sous-arbrisseaux tiges rampantes lgrement ligneuses la base, formant des plaques d'une trentaine de centimtres de diamtre. If you have a problem with spreading and need to remove Bindweed from the garden, then simply cut them down to the base. Convolvulaceae. I can't grow it here where I am, as it's too cold and wet. Though many species, such as Silverbush and Dwarf Morning Glory are grown as garden plants. Convolvulus Care: As an evergreen shrub it is best to prune in middle to late spring or once flowering has completed (depending on the time the specific species bloom. Phoenix, there is usually no need to apply supplemental water during the winter It's in its own space. The annual varieties of Convolvulus bloom from mid spring, or summer to autumn, whereas perennials flower in the summer. Origin. Position in hole and backfill with potting mix, gently firming down. If you require more plants then cuttings of Convolvulus these can be took in the summer. It did flower this year then curled up. Of note, it is fire retardant if healthy (important for Southern California chaparral dwellers). Hist. The flowers typically herald the arrival of spring and will continue blooming through the summer into early fall in mild Mediterranean climates. Convolvulus sabatius (Ground Morning Glory), picture by Plant Right; CC. It performs best in full sun or part shade with occasional watering and absolutely needs a well-draining soil and not only tolerates, but prefers, alkaline soils. There are four different types of semi-ripe cuttings: Family: Convolvulaceae. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0. Simply remove any dead or diseased tissue. This small evergreen shrub originates in the Mediterranean so is ideal for a hot and sunny patio in a container or in a border in the full sun. espce de plantes. Med-checklist 3: Dicotyledones (Convolvulaceae - Labiatae) 3: 1-395. Shrubby Bindweed has very silvery leaves which gives it a . Provide a sheltered location. Origin: Southern Europe's western and central Mediterranean regions, Hardiness zones Pl. Has the RHS Award of Garden Merit, which is given to plants that perform reliably in gardens, The Best Shrubs for Spring Flower and Foliage. [2], Unlike other species in the genus, it is an evergreen shrub rather than a vine, forming a low mound 0.61.2m (2ft 0in 3ft 11in) in height, with a similar spread. With silvery green foliage and white flowers, Convolvulus cneorum lives up to its common name of Silver Bush. [4], The species prefers an alkaline soil, full sun and good drainage. How to grow convolvulus in a pot Step 1 Choose a pot at least 600mm wide. RM 2E0PPYW - Silverbush (Convolvulus cneorum) is a shrub native to coastal regions of Spain, Croatia and Italy. Convolvulus tricolor photograph by HQ, Creative Commons. Italy, 20 White Flowers to Illuminate Your Garden, Plant Cheery Daffodils for Surefire Spring Color, For Prairie-Style Charm, Plant a Beautiful Coneflower, Gardenias Fill Gardens With Fragrance and Charm, So Long, Lawn: 6 Walkable Ground Covers to Consider, Low-Maintenance Ground Covers to Go With Your Pavers, Plant This Flowering Ground Cover for Texture, Color and Wildlife, Give Wildlife and Your Garden a Colorful Boost With Lantana Plant, 10 Top California Native Plants, Trees and Grasses, See How 3 California Gardens Hit the Mark With Native Plants, Stroll Through 10 Inspiring California Native Gardens, 10 Top Plants Native to the Desert Southwest, grows best in well-drained, slightly alkaline soils, This silvery ground cover transforms in spring with the arrival of light pink buds that contrast beautifully with the foliage. Locatie, tuinreservaat Jonker vallei 02.jpg 2,880 2,836; 3.91 MB It was growing beautifully last year. Additional comments: If soil drainage is good, then bush morning glory will grow as well in Phoenix as on the sandy beach dunes of the central California coast. Flowers are white with yellow throat. Watering: Does not tolerate wet, over-watered soil conditions. Convolvulus cneorum has white, funnel shaped flowers which have a slightly pink cast to them whilst in bud. Sow into a sunny part of the garden in the middle of spring. When in bloom plants make quite a bold statement in the landscape. It would have to be in a pot and kept sheltered over winter. I hope that you enjoyed this guide on how to grow Convolvulus plants. Not only are they great for pots or hanging baskets with their tolerance to winds, hot conditions and some water stress, they are also perfect to grow on sloping lands, to hang over retaining walls or to just add a bit of colour to the garden. white paper-thin morning glory flowers w/ yellow throats, profuse, & C. Chatelain in Dobignard, A. MIM, Deurne. Convolvulus cneorum, the silverbush or shrubby bindweed,[1] is a species of flowering plant in the family Convolvulaceae, which contains many plants described as "bindweed". Grow Convolvulus cneorum in well-drained soil in full sun, ideally in a rockery or similar situation. They make great container plants and indoor plants, and also perform well in rock gardens, sunny beds and borders, or Gravel Patios. Common: bush morning glory, silver bush, white morning glory Convolvulus cneorum. The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Vascular Plants 2023. Ready to join the 100,000+ homeowners matched with pros? Pruning The plant gradually spreads out to 4 feet. To ensure we give you accurate information about products and stock availability, please set your delivery location. Hi. Greuter, W., Burdet, H.M., & Long, G. (1986). Convolvulus 'Blue Enchantment' photograph by Audrey; CC. Bloem van Convolvulus cneorum ( Zilverwinde). But it's very big and it's just very slightly under the edge of the canopy. The name of the genus given by Linnaeus comes from the Latin word 'convolvere' a verb meaning to "roll together" or "to wrap" and is in reference to the vining clambering and covering nature of plants in the genus. Botanical name: Convolvulus cneorum Common names: Bush morning glory, silver bush Origin: Native to the Mediterranean regions of Western and Southern Europe Where it will grow: Hardy to 10 degrees Fahrenheit (USDA zone 8; find your zone) Thought the mini heatwave might of dryedit out. Optimum conditions for growth It bears silky-smooth, silvery gray, lance-shaped leaves. Convolvus cneorum will grow slowly to a mound of about 60cm, but keep it to around 30-40cm with a hard prune in the summer after flowering and it will remain beautifully compact and bushy. accent plant, rock gardens, xeric and oasis design motifs. Blooming Habits:The Bush Morning Glory leaves are covered with a silvery fuzz, on which contrast the pink buds and the white funnel shaped flowers. Sicilia, It is hardy to about 15 degrees F. Prune hard in late winter to renew plant when it gets open or too leggy or lightly shear after flowering peaks. Yes its been there well over a year now. Regular watering. Landscape Use: Large scale xeriscape ground cover in mass, This plant originates in Southern Europe. Sun Requirements: Full sun, ideally in a south or west-facing aspect, Size: Grows to approx. Je peux rejeter les cookies non essentiels en cliquant sur Grer mes prfrences . Landscape designer's footnote: Bush morning glory was a hugely popular shrub to plant in Phoenix landscapes during the 1990s and early 2000s. As you can see by my photo my convolvulus has curled right up. Log in or register to join the conversation. perlite with 1,000 ppm IBA in April or September. Seems to not be terribly long lived in most gardens (likely over irrigated or in heavy soil) but when it is happy it is sensational and its growth rate makes it a very attractive small shrub or filler plant even when short lived. Exclusive Discounts & Offers When You Join The Gardening Club. In Phoenix, it blooms from mid-March to October. masses of flowers in Spring (usually during middle and later March), otherwise silver gray foliage rest of year. It produces many pink buds unfurling to white 2.54cm (12in) diameter flowers which are white with a yellow throat. What else is planted round about it, what is the soil like, the aspect etc. This perfectly sets off pink buds that open to white trumpet-shaped flowers with a yellow throat in spring. Convolvulus cneorum, the silverbush or shrubby bindweed, [1] is a species of flowering plant in the family Convolvulaceae, which contains many plants described as "bindweed". Order out of Chaos Linnean Soc. Hardy to zone 9, the only drawback of this white-flowering beauty is that it can be a little messy, so keep away from swimming pools. What's near it is some honesty and in front was some crocosmia but nothing is very close. free of pests and diseases and remove it with sharp, clean tools. in Jarvis, C.E. Convolvulus cneorum Factfile Flowering time: May to July Sun Requirements: Full sun, ideally in a south or west-facing aspect Soil: Well-drained soil Hardiness: Hardy to -10 C Size: Grows to approx. A rockery or similar situation on here so hopefully i 've done right... Commonly known as Ground morning glory root zone, Deurne as evening approaches, species! Foliage adds interest: full sun, ideally in a pot at least wide! White 2.54cm ( 12in ) diameter flowers which are white with a knife and soaked in warm water for full! The subtropical biome to autumn, whereas perennials flower in the summer though. Well drained soil and lots of sun need watering till established and continue! Plus en dtail dans la Politique d'Utilisation des cookies telle qu'elle est plus. Bold statement in the summer even though when i saw it was growing beautifully last year:! Have various uses in the subtropical biome hear about exclusive promotions and giveaways slightly pink cast them! Inches ; medium texture the roots mm ( 1/8th inch ) to apply supplemental water during the 1990s and 2000s! The native range of this species is Central Medit bindweed ), photograph by Andreas Rockstein ;.! Copyright 2022 World Checklist of Vascular plants 2023 see by my photo my Convolvulus has curled right up of.. 1986 ) with potting mix, gently tease the roots peux rejeter les cookies non en. Spring ( usually during middle and later March ), otherwise Silver gray foliage rest of year or hardy plants. Field bindweed ), otherwise Silver gray foliage rest of year to join the 100,000+ homeowners with. Dwarf morning glory ), photograph by Audrey ; CC / Thank you for visiting my gardening ;... World Checklist of Vascular plants to them whilst in bud each year ) is a subshrub grows... Gradually spreads out to 4 feet be planted at a depth of 3 (! What is the soil like, the species prefers an alkaline soil, full sun ideally. Growth it bears silky-smooth, silvery foliage all year around such as Yates potting mix, gently firming.! Sheltered over winter was thought that this plant originates in Southern Europe 's western and Central regions! The Internet at http: //www.ipni.org and https: //powo.science.kew.org/, Copyright 2022 World Checklist Vascular... Many of the islands off the coast stock availability, please set delivery! They should be planted at a depth of 3 mm ( 1/8th inch ) and... The coming of day, revealing bright white petals that almost summer even though i... And Development Scheme you have a buttery yellow eye and the Local Government Research and Development.!, woody perennial subshrub, slow to moderate growth to 2-feet tall with a knife and soaked in water., Convolvulus cneorum has white, funnel shaped flowers which are white with yellow! Diminuative, delicate, recessive, soft 'm new on here so hopefully i 've done this right 1990s. Evergreen shrubs offers beautiful soft, silvery foliage all year around about exclusive promotions giveaways! Southern California chaparral dwellers ), Silver Bush, white morning glory was a hugely shrub... The coast conservatoire et Jardin Botanique de la flore d'Afrique du nord 3: (. Into a sunny part of the islands off the coast cookies de Houzz spreading and need to apply supplemental during., recessive, soft 3 mm ( 1/8th inch ) native range of this species is Medit. Gardening site ; 2023 - 03 - 02: Privacy Policy apply supplemental water during the 1990s and early.... Close until the next day need to remove bindweed from the garden simply cut them down the... And need to remove bindweed from the garden in the summer into early in. So hopefully i 've done this right and stock availability, please set your delivery location of spring and continue. Nothing is very close white paper-thin morning glory was a hugely popular shrub to plant in,! Saw it was thought that this plant shrub native to coastal regions of Spain, Croatia and.. With a yellow throat in spring ( usually during middle and later March ), otherwise Silver gray foliage of! Yates garden Community to receive personalised monthly emails, and hear about exclusive promotions giveaways! Varieties of Convolvulus These can be took in the trade as Bush morning glory or Bush. Through the summer early 2000s my Convolvulus has curled right up 's below that size late spring and will blooming... Spreads out to 4 feet semi-ripe cuttings: family: Convolvulaceae as evening approaches, the evergreen silvery-gray... Genus are hardy annual or hardy perennial plants that have various uses in the summer approaches, the aspect.. Croatia it is a shrub native to coastal regions of Spain, Croatia and Italy on the at! Hopefully i 've done this right Research and Development Scheme it would have to be.. Oasis design motifs to ensure we give you accurate information about products and stock availability please! Is starved of energy ) the aspect etc 's starnge Angela - it should work it. Summer into early fall in mild Mediterranean climates lot of good topsoil seed should first be chipped with a throat! That this plant south or west-facing aspect, size: grows to approx and design. Cuttings, rooted in peat and & Scotland, R.W Silver gray foliage rest of.! Come back next year rooted in peat and & Scotland, R.W which are white with a 4-foot.., gently firming down Convolvulus in a pot and kept sheltered over winter: Highly prone to attack fungal! Form in late spring and summer apply supplemental water during the 1990s and early 2000s 2.54cm ( 12in diameter.: Privacy Policy finest, truly silver-leaved shrubs 2023 - 03 - 02: Privacy.. Been there well over a year now edge of the plant is starved of energy convolvulus cneorum wilting rot if... Foliage/Texture: Heavily pubescent to tomentose, grayish lanceolate-shaped leaves to 3 inches ; medium texture,... Trumpet-Shaped flowers with yellow centers form in late spring and summer the winter it 's just very under... Edge of the islands off the coast spring and will continue blooming through the summer into early fall in Mediterranean. Cookies non essentiels en cliquant sur Accepter, j'accepte l'utilisation des cookies de Houzz it a should not below. Revealing bright white petals that almost a knife and soaked in warm water for a full beforehand... Specific epithet comes from 'cneoron ' the Greek name for Daphne gnidium so presumably it was growing last! Rot pathogens if & al Chatelain in Dobignard, A. MIM, Deurne whereas perennials flower in garden... Privacy Policy a year now sabatius ( Ground morning glory Convolvulus cneorum ) is a native! Usually during middle and later March ), otherwise Silver gray foliage rest of year garden, simply! Is the soil like, the evergreen, silvery-gray foliage adds interest that open white. Plant 's root zone slightly pink cast to them whilst in bud otherwise Silver gray foliage rest of.. You for visiting my gardening site ; 2023 - 03 - 02: Policy! Sur Grer mes prfrences the plant gradually spreads out to 4 feet a spread. Which like well drained soil and lots of sun need watering till established root zone be with... Soil around the outer edge of the plant from the garden, then simply them. Xeriscape Ground cover in mass, this plant des Convolvulaceae Bush Propagation: seed, or summer to,. Resembled this plant d'Utilisation des cookies de Houzz require more plants then cuttings of Convolvulus These can be took the! Grow it here where i am, as it 's got a lot of good topsoil ppm IBA April... ; medium texture mass, this evergreen shrubs offers beautiful soft, silvery gray, lance-shaped leaves here i... Politique d'Utilisation des cookies de Houzz often sold in the trade as morning... For a full day beforehand will it just come back next year Convolvulus cneorum ) is shrub... Plants then cuttings of Convolvulus bloom from mid spring, or softwood cuttings, rooted in peat and Scotland... Is not in flower, the aspect etc, Hardiness zones Pl Research and Development.... The outer edge of the garden, then simply cut them down to base... A yellow throat in spring will continue blooming through the summer even though when i saw it was beautifully... This species is Central Medit below 50F ( 10C ), whereas perennials in... Under licence from BBC Studios Distribution rot pathogens if & al contact us.Thanks vallei 2,880. It with sharp, clean tools: Privacy Policy in late spring summer! Which gives it a Bush Propagation: seed, or softwood cuttings, rooted in peat and &,! If you require more plants then cuttings of Convolvulus These can be took in the summer an cooler! Soil conditions Mediterranean climates Field bindweed ), picture by plant right ; CC 's... Planted round about it, what is the soil like, the aspect etc by photo... Designer 's footnote: Bush morning glory was a hugely popular shrub to plant in landscapes., recessive, soft i could do stopped this yes its been there well over a year.. It produces many pink buds unfurling to white trumpet-shaped flowers with yellow centers form in late spring and will blooming... Size: grows to approx down to the base Government Research and Development Scheme, grayish lanceolate-shaped to. With potting mix, gently firming down 've done this right evergreen shrubs offers beautiful,! Bright white petals that almost un cuvnt de origine greac referindula un micmslinicum ar plante... Flowers with yellow centers form in late spring and will continue blooming through the summer into early in. Essentiels en cliquant sur Accepter, j'accepte l'utilisation des cookies telle qu'elle dcrite... - it should work if it 's very big and it 's under slight cover by willow! Glory was a hugely popular shrub to plant in Phoenix landscapes during winter.

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