Shortly after the U-boat surfaced, the Campbell's radar found her. In 1941, the US Navy began building a fleet of large destroyers, its first design to rival the Japanese "special type" destroyers that had first entered service more than a decade before. It was also more difficult to remain unnoticed by the Germans.The Battle of the Atlantic was the longest continuous battle of WWII. By early 1942, U-boats had begun to wreak havoc directly off the east coast of North and South America, easily picking off merchant ships that were poorly defended. If we were backing out of a slip you would hear a prolonged blast on the whistle. This never happened in real life. ed. The cycle would start at the end of a shipyard overhaul, in our case at the Long Beach Naval Shipyard. Mr. Walling served as a commissioned and a senior petty officer in the Coast Guard and is the author of Bloodstained Sea: The U.S. Coast Guard in the Battle of the Atlantic, 1941-1944 (New York: International Marine/McGraw-Hill, 2004). While at the buoys we were provided with services with some harbor craft which were referred to as fuel, water, and garbage barges operated by the Naval District. KIDDs 20mm and 40mm gunners took the plane under fire, scoring several hits, to no avail. I also served aboard USS CORAL SEA (CVA43) for 2 years before joining the submarine force, which I spent 26 years in. This areaknown as the Devil's Gorge, the Black Hole, or Torpedo Junctionwas a prime hunting ground for U-boats. Ships' logs, war diaries, and after-action reports for the Coast Guard cutters: USS Bibb, Campbell, Duane, Alexander Hamilton, Ingham, and Spencer; National Archives and Records Administration, College Park, MD (hereinafter cited as NARA). During his 30 year naval career he held two ship commands and served a total of 8 years on naval material inspection boards, during which he conducted trials and inspections aboard over 200 naval vessels. Commissioned back into service on March 28 of that year under the command of Cdr. Acting as a rescue destroyer (Plane Guard). 7. In September 1941, it requested studies for a destroyer with greater anti-aircraft capability. In an emergency program to expand capacity, some shipyards were upgraded and other new ones were brought on line. did fletcher class destroyers serve in the atlantic? With carrier-based aircraft pounding the Japanese installations on the island, KIDD moved off to investigate a submarine contact miles away from the formation. Six 25-man balsa life rafts were located in Seal Beach, California. She was my first, and my favorite ship. Logistically, moving approximately 40 ships as a cohesive unit was anything but easy. Instead, she struck a glancing blow and the U-boat's hydroplane opened a large gash in the Campbell's hull. There was always a stop at Pearl Harbor on the way to and from the deployment for INCOP and OUTCHOP (Change of Operational Command) briefings at CINCPACFLEET. Brittin took command of the ship and headed the beleaguered ship southward. I much preferred WESTPAC! Named after a swashbuckling Union Civil War captain, the Porter was one of 175 Fletcher-class destroyers built during World War II. The CO, XO, Officer of the Deck (OOD), Junior Officer of the Deck (JOOD) and appropriate enlisted personnel would proceed to the bridge. While it's a nice nod to the ship the movie was filmed on, in real life, the USS Kidd wasn't launched until late February 1943, several months after the events in the movie take place. The Steering Gear room (After Steering) would be manned. Finally, the third Fletcher selected was KIDD, largely due to the efforts of Harold Monning, who served aboard her during World War II, and the shipmates of the DESRON 48 Reunion Association. No, not exactly. Completed in June 1942, she arrived at Guadalcanal in October and soon proved herself during a vital time when the US Navy's posture in the Pacific war was changing from defensive to offensive, an auspicious beginning to a 27-year career. East Coast deployments tended to be much better because ports in the Mediterranean are much closer together than in the Far East and there never were as many potential shooting situations over there that demanded that we be underway for prolonged periods. Left full rudder was applied; the ship had just barely begun to turn. On 21 February, the Campbell was on her way to rejoin Convoy ON-166 after rescuing 50 survivors of the torpedoed Norwegian freighter Nielson Alonso. . While this rarely happened, such destroyer-vs-submarine duels did take place on one or two real-life occasions. At the end of the year, DesDiv 101 continued on to Luzon, where Haraden was again damaged while escorting a carrier task force in the Sulu Sea and again returned to the West Coast for repairs. On 4 January 1945, Fletcher sortied from San Pedro Bay to provide close cover for the Luzon Attack Force as it sailed toward its objective. Starting on April 24, 1962, KIDD was assigned to the Naval Destroyer School at Newport, Rhode Island. Eventually, eleven shipyards launched 175 ships over the next 32 monthsthe most numerous class of destroyer completed by any navy. During Operation War Dance in December of that year, KIDD cruised at 10 knots around the harbor at Wonsan, drawing the fire of enemy shore batteries in order to reveal their positions. A second 36 searchlight was obtained from a private estate in 1985. Yes. She splashed at least one of the many Japanese aircraft which attacked on 8 January, and during the landings in Lingayen Gulf the next day, patrolled the Gulf. Yes. l spent over a year on the USS TINGEY (DD539). President Franklin Delano Roosevelt had died on April 12, the same day that KIDD had committed her dead to the sea. She whispers stories of courage, bravery, and sacrifice. (The seventh, the Taney [WPG-37], would spend most of World War II in the Pacific.) The first of these was USS THE SULLIVANS (DD-537), named after the five brothers killed aboard USS JUNEAU (CL-52) in 1942 off of Guadalcanal. But on her third pass, the cutter again attacked, dropping 5,000 pounds worth of explosives. X-RAY provides the least protection. ed. The KIDDs first voyage was one of some notoriety. Copyright 2011-2022 Naval Historical Foundation. She returned to bombardment duty and rescuing downed pilots. On 12 June 1944, a new Gearing -class destroyer, USS Chevalier (DD 805) was laid downlike the 451, the third ship of her class from Bath Iron Works. , after over twenty years of service. To prevent anyone mistaking their identity at night, the cutters steamed with all lights on and each flew a large American flag illuminated by a spotlight. They would pick up an eastbound convoy from a Canadian escort group, protect it through storms and U-boats, and then turn it over to a British escort group off Ireland. Thirty-two were transferred to the navies of Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Columbia, Germany, Greece, Italy, Japan, Korea, Mexico, Peru, Spain, Taiwan and Turkey. Four Fletchers have been preserved on public display. Losing the supply lines was a constant worry for the Allies. Along with the Duane, the Spencer rescued 41 of U-175's 54-man crew. Rescuing downed pilots, fighting off suicidal attacks, destroying floating mines, and giving early warning to the fleet of approaching enemy aircraft, KIDD participated in a naval siege which would see the greatest losses ever suffered by the United States Navy. KIDD sounded the warning to the rest of the fleet and opened fire, downing two of the attackers. They were also the first US destroyers fitted with radar as built. Again, the terms is and was are used interchangeably in this article. USS The Sullivans served with . As fortune had it, her forward damage control party was exercising in the immediate vicinity with a make-believe casualty strapped into a stretcher. These conditions are established by closing the appropriate fittings such as valves, hatches, and watertight doors. Transportation was by a combination of ships boats and private water taxis. Fully repaired and ready for action in the eminent invasion of Japans home islands, KIDD was en route to Japan via Pearl Harbor just days after the first atomic bomb struck Hiroshima, heralding the end of World War II. 27 2023 . Commander James A. Hirschfield, the cutter's skipper, believed the target might be a submarine that had run between ON-166's columns of merchant ships, firing torpedoes at the vessels, and was now making her escape on the surface. 10. The Royal Navy primarily covered the western approaches to England, the U.S. Navy protected the mid-Atlantic from its bases in Newfoundland and Iceland, while the Royal Canadian Navy protected the convoys as they departed or arrived off Newfoundland and Nova Scotia. Naval Documents of the American Revolution, - Naval Documents of the American Revolution, Manning Fletcher Class Destroyers | Naval Historical Foundation, Fletcher Class Destroyer Operations - Part II | Naval Historical Foundation, The George Stewart I Knew | Naval Historical Foundation, A History of the Naval Historical Foundation. In September of 1957, KIDD and the submarine USS REDFISH (SS-395) participated in the filming of the motion picture Run Silent Run Deep off the coast of San Diego. With wars end, KIDD returned to peacetime duties. Parts of her radar array were scavenged for use aboard CASSIN YOUNG (DD-793) which had also survived a suicide attack and was preparing to go back out on the line. The Fletcher design permitted significant increases over preceding classes in hull, armament, machinery, ammunition, stores and fuel bunkerage. . document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Naval Historical Foundation 1306 Dahlgren Avenue, SE Washington Navy Yard, DC 20374 1-202-678-4333 info@navyhistory.org. Navy ships never use this method any more, as sufficient pier space is provided in all of the navys home ports and all necessary services are provided from shore. Her keel was laid on Oct . Later emphasis on anti-aircraft defense led to a redesigned or square bridge for improved all-around sightlines, beginning with Brownson (DD 518). I made six month WESTPAC deployments in 1957 and 1958. single-barreled gun mounts, two 40mm quad-barreled anti-aircraft mounts, three 40mm twin-barreled anti-aircraft mounts, six 20mm twin-barreled anti-aircraft mounts, 305 South River Road Baton Rouge, LA 70802. In 1975, KIDD was deemed unfit for further service and was stricken from the naval list of vessels. Enemy planes, spotting smoke from the crippled destroyer, attempted to finish her off. The Chief Engineer would be in the Forward Engine Room and the Main Propulsion Assistant would be in the After Engine Room. After two deployments, it was back to the shipyard again. Regardless of who it was, it was very important for him to announce I have the Conn so that all bridge personnel would know who to take their orders from. No. . The cutters would then usually escort fully loaded ships from either an SC or HX convoy back to Iceland. (DESDIV 96) within Destroyer Squadron 48 (DESRON 48), KIDD functioned in the many roles demanded of the U.S. Navys destroyers: anti-submarine picket duty, picking up downed pilots, shore bombardment, and anti-aircraft platform. There were also fueling stops at Midway and sometimes Guam. Twelve members of the U-boat's 47-man crew were rescued by the Campbell and Burza. Posted on 26 Feb in greenshield pharmacy intervention codes 0 Likes Named after secretaries of the Treasury, the ships were roomy but relatively slow (19.5 knots maximum speed). It was early on at this point in her career when she picked up the nickname that would become her trademark. Some went on to serve during the Korean War and into the Vietnam War. Destroyers, dubbed "tin cans" because of their lack of armor . As we parsed out theGreyhound true story from the movie, we learned that Commander Ernest Krause is a fictional character based on Commander George Krause from C. S. Forester's book The Good Shepherd. I loved the country so much that I did not want to leave. The Campbell and Spencer, meanwhile, worked out of Argentia, Newfoundland. Built at Federal Shipbuilding & Dry-dock Company of Kearny, New Jersey, KIDD was one of four destroyers [USS BULLARD (DD-660), USS THORN (DD-647), and USS TURNER (DD-648)] launched on February 28, 1943 in a record-breaking fourteen minutes. My first 11 years in the Navy were spent in Japan. Of the 1,103 passengers on board, 118 men, women, and childrenincluding 28 Americanswere killed. As the cutter neared the target, however, Sasso lost the contact. The Spencer and five of her 327-foot Secretary-class sisters helped keep the supply lifeline between North America and Britain open during the Battle of the Atlantic. Following this action, KIDDalong with the other ships of DESRON 48sailed for Mare Island Naval Shipyard in California for a major overhaul and refitting. Two more depth charges were quickly dropped, and at full speed the Ingham turned and headed back to make another attack. Allan B. Roby, the destroyer moved across New York Harbor for delivery to the Brooklyn Naval Shipyards . U-175 was 65 feet deep when the explosions cracked and twisted her pressure hull. Design for the class was not finalized until January 1940, but by the end of that year more than 100 ships had been Construction (top) and disposition following World War II (bottom). The raids that developed that day werent out of the ordinary, in spite of the fact that three approaching formations of enemy aircraft were reported. For the Leyte landings in October 1944, all nine ships operated with the Third Fleets Logistic Group. An explanation of Material Conditions is in order. While off Pierpoint Landing in Long Beach Harbor, KIDD was struck by the 9,000-ton Swedish freighter HAINAN on April 21, 1953. But most of the other wartime functions still remained. A doctor transferred over by highline to care for the wounded from squadron mate HALE (DD-642). Following anti-submarine warfare exercises off of Okinawa, KIDD and her division mates provided escourt for BADOENG STRAIT (CVE-116) en route to Yokosuka, Japan. The Coast Guard, however, maintains that the cutter's attacks two days later destroyed the same U-boat. Allan B. Roby, the Silver Star for gallantry. While the movie finds Tom Hanks' Commander Ernest Krause and the convoy caught up in the Battle of the Atlantic over a five-day period in the latter part of 1942, the battle actually spanned almost the entirety of the war, beginning on September 3, 1939 and ending on May 8, 1945. She continued rescue operations all the while maneuvering to avoid bombs and airborne torpedoes while simultaneously engaging the enemy. As a torpedoed merchant ship goes down in February 1943, the U.S. Coast Guard cutter Spencer searches for the attacking U-boat. By February, organization of the ocean escorts had been formalized into American, British, and Canadian groups. NHF has decommissioned and is no longer accepting new members or donations. CAPT John M. Waters, USCG (Ret. The search for hard-to-find World War II vintage equipment has gone around the world. Taking their mascot pirate to heart, crew members began to ransom rescued pilots for ice cream mix and other delicacies from their comrades aboard aircraft carriers so that her reputation grew as the Pirate of the Pacific. Other destroyers conducted this practice, but KIDD did so with a certain flair. The crew buried their dead at sea along the way on April 12. We also made fueling stops at Guam and Midway. She is a Fletcher-class destroyer and is named after Rear Admiral Isaac C. Kidd, the first US flag officer to die during the Second World War. The movie's fictional incident is based on an event that unfolds in The Good Shepherd book from which the film was adapted. The Fletcher class formed the backbone of U.S. destroyer forces in World War II. "The contact was fast; there was a lot of motion, a lot of movement," he recalled. The boat began an uncontrolled dive, and when her skipper, Lieutenant Heinrich Bruns, and crew were able to bring her under control, another barrage of Spencer depth charges caused further damage. World War II was only days old, but the Coast Guard's "327s" had already answered the call of duty in what would come to be known as the Battle of the Atlantic. The mid-ocean U.S. escort groups were built around either the Campbell or Spencer, supported by a few U.S. Navy destroyers and corvettes from the Canadian, Free Polish, and/or Free French navies. Secretary of the Treasury Henry Morgenthau argued that turning over just the ships would result in logistical and administrative chaos. While in restricted waters, naval vessels have a navigation detail set and the ships position was regularly determined by taking visual bearings on objects ashore, supplemented by radar ranges and fathometer readings. The next day the Alexander Hamilton capsized and was sunk by destroyer gunfire, the only Secretary-class cutter lost during the war. Following a tumultuous eastbound Atlantic crossing as part of the escort group for Convoy HX-170, she was detached to take in tow the Navy storeship Yukon (AF-9), which was disabled 600 miles southeast of Iceland. Initially it was a 300-mile-wide strip of ocean bounded on the north by Canadian territorial waters then running south through the Caribbean. There were 39 casualties and extensive damage in the after part of the ship. The class was designed in 1939, as a result of dissatisfaction with the earlier destroyer leader types of the Porter and Somers classes. (Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press, 1992). However, when KIDD arrived at the Brooklyn yards, the official message sent back to the yards in Kearny read: The WAVE delivered The Kidd at 2:30 today.. Required fields are marked *. 5. Authorized for fiscal year 1941, construction of the first ships was already under way when the United States entered the war. (Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press, 1987). At 2,050 tons standard displacement and approximately 2,900 tons fully loaded, the Fletchers were significantly larger than any preceding American destroyer classes. Since 1975 all new destroyer, cruiser, and frigate types have been powered by aircraft derivative gas turbine engines. Not wishing to dishonor RADM Kidd, however, the crew obtained permission from Mrs. Kidd first. The sailor suffered a minor abrasion from a fleck of debris. She rests in a unique docking system designed for the near forty foot rise and fall of the river each season. A subsequent sonar sweep failed to find a contact, and with the convoy approaching the area, McCabe broke off the search. Next we will describe the process for getting underway from alongside another ship or a pier. She serves as a reminder of all those who have gone before us. By 1971, all ships remaining in the US Navy had decommissioned but not until 2001 was Mexicos Cuitlhuac, the former John Rodgers and the last active Fletcher, retired. [3] 1. KIDD departed the Far East for San Diego and an overhaul in March of 1953. It was December, 1944. . Commander Harold S. Berdine, the cutter's commanding officer, ordered a barrage of 11 depth charges set to explode at only 50 to 100 feet. On April 30, Cdr. Having transferred steam to both engine rooms from her only remaining boiler room, KIDD now made approximately 20 knots as she headed south toward Ulithi Atoll. Two months later, she was involved in a show of force off the coast of the Dominican Republic in the Caribbean, which had just overthrown the Trujillo dictatorship. Pacific deployment, USS Halsey Powell, taken from the 1958 cruise book. But through the efforts of many dedicated people, she avoided the scrapping yard to make one final voyage. 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