Additionally, the clause also proclaims that nothing contained within the Constitution may be interpreted to harm (prejudice) any claim of the United States, or of any particular State. (b) The membership of the board consists of the Chief Justice of the Texas Supreme Court who serves as chairman, the presiding judge of the Texas Court of Criminal Appeals, the presiding judge of each of the administrative judicial districts of the state, the president of the Texas Judicial Council, and one person who is licensed to practice law in this state appointed by the governor with the advice and consent of the senate for a term of four years. Alabama is, therefore, entitled to the sovereignty and jurisdiction over all the territory within her limits to maintain any other doctrine, is to deny that Alabama has been admitted into the union on an equal footing with the original states to Alabama belong the navigable waters and soils under them. Sec. Known as the Constitution of 1869, the document remained controversial and the more radical provisions were not accepted by a large number of Texans. Full Faith and Credit shall be given in each State to the public Acts, Records, and judicial Proceedings of every other State. (5) during the time required by Subdivision (4) of this subsection has not had the person's license to practice law revoked, suspended, or subject to a probated suspension. There shall be elected by the qualified voters of each county a Sheriff, who shall hold his office for the term of four years, whose duties, qualifications, perquisites, and fees of office, shall be prescribed by the Legislature, and vacancies in whose office shall be filled by the Commissioners Court until the next general election. It also empowers Congress to admit new states and administer the territories and other federal lands . (2) and (5) amended Nov. 8, 2005; Subsec. When any part of a county is stricken off and attached to, or created into another county, the part stricken off shall be holden for and obliged to pay its proportion of all the liabilities then existing, of the county from which it was taken, in such manner as may be prescribed by law. That phrase incorporates all acts prohibited by the laws of a state, including misdemeanors and small, or petty, offenses. (b) The Legislature shall provide for the option by the governing body of the city or cities whose airport facilities are served by certificated airlines and whose facility or some interest therein, is proposed to be or has been acquired by the Authority, to either appoint or elect a Board of Directors of said Authority. Sec. In addition, the constitutional provisions found on this website comply with the Uniform Electronic Legal Material Act (UELMA) and are current through the amendments approved by voters in May 2022. IX, Nov. 6, 2001.) Texas State Library and Archives Commission.The 1870s: The Constitutional Convention of 1875, Revision and Adaptation. The maximum rate of tax may be changed at subsequent elections so long as obligations are not impaired, and not to exceed the maximum limit of Seventy-five Cents (75) per One Hundred Dollars ($100.00) valuation, and no election shall be required by subsequent changes in the boundaries of the City of Amarillo. In a panel of three Judges, two Judges shall constitute a quorum and the concurrence of two Judges shall be necessary for a decision. Its jurisdiction shall be coextensive with the limits of the State and its determinations shall be final except in criminal law matters. In case of vacancy the Commissioners Court of the county shall have the power to appoint a County Attorney until the next general election. In the event that two or more counties vote on the proposition of the creation of an Authority therein, the proposition shall not be deemed to carry unless the majority of the qualified voters in each county voting thereon vote in favor thereof. Article 4 of the Texas constitution creates a plural executive, specifying_______distinct offices in the executive branch. The change must be approved by a majority of the qualified voters of the district voting at an election called and held for that purpose. Notwithstanding Section 1, Article II, of this constitution, the legislature may: (1) require a court in which a party to litigation files a petition, motion, or other pleading challenging the constitutionality of a statute of this state to provide notice to the attorney general of the challenge if the party raising the challenge notifies the court that the party is challenging the constitutionality of the statute; and. (Feb. 15, 1876. VACANCY IN JUDICIAL OFFICE. Who were the framers of the Constitution? 11: See Appendix, Note 1.). Texans to decide whether to update their aging constitution. QUESTIONS OF STATE LAW CERTIFIED FROM FEDERAL APPELLATE COURT. Amended Aug. 11, 1891, Nov. 8, 1966, Nov. 8, 1977, and Nov. 6, 2001.) They differed from provisions in the 1827 Constitution of Coahuila y Tejas. Notes of Debates in the Federal Convention of 1787, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Article_Four_of_the_United_States_Constitution&oldid=1142197942, Articles of the United States Constitution, Articles with dead external links from January 2023, Articles with permanently dead external links, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 1 March 2023, at 01:36. Pa. 1823), the federal circuit court held that privileges and immunities in respect of which discrimination is barred include. REMOVAL OF COUNTY OFFICERS. The County Court has jurisdiction as provided by law. The ______________ model of leadership emphasizes that leaders have different sorts of relationships with different employees. (1) and (2) amended Nov. 6, 2001; Subsecs. (b) If any such district is created, it may be authorized to levy a tax not to exceed Seventy-five Cents (75) on the One Hundred Dollar ($100) valuation of taxable property within the district; provided, however, no tax may be levied until approved by a majority vote of the participating resident qualified voters. (12) No person holding an office specified in Subsection (6) of this Section shall sit as a member of the Commission in any proceeding involving his own suspension, discipline, censure, retirement or removal. (d) When the boundaries of commissioners precincts are changed, each commissioner in office on the effective date of the change, or elected to a term of office beginning on or after the effective date of the change, shall serve in the precinct to which each was elected or appointed for the entire term to which each was elected or appointed, even though the change in boundaries places the person's residence outside the precinct for which he was elected or appointed. In addition, the Court of Criminal Appeals may, on its own motion, review a decision of a Court of Appeals in a criminal case as provided by law. [15], Pursuant to a parallel clause in Article One, Section Eight, the Supreme Court has held that states may not tax such federal property. The Texas Constitutional Convention of 1875 met in Austin with the purpose of replacing the Constitution of 1869; it was believed that the new constitution should restrict the state government and hand the power back to the people. This tax is in addition to any other tax authorized by this constitution. (f) Any city which owns airport facilities not serving certificated airlines which are not purchased or acquired or taken over as herein provided by such Authority shall have the power to operate the same under the existing laws or as the same may hereafter be amended. If the Directors are appointed such appointment shall be made by the County Commissioners Court after consultation with and consent of the governing body or bodies of such city or cities. [7] With the growth of states' rights advocacy during the antebellum period, the Supreme Court asserted, in Lessee of Pollard v. Hagan (1845),[9] that the Constitution mandated admission of new states on the basis of equality.[10]. Until otherwise provided, the terms of the County Court shall be held on the first Mondays in February, May, August and November, and may remain in session three weeks. The Court of Criminal Appeals may appoint Commissioners in aid of the Court of Criminal Appeals as provided by law. Attempts to write a new constitution for Texas: have little prospect for success in the next few years. This site works best with JavaScript enabled. The previous six were the 1827 Constitution of the State of Coahuila and Tejas, the 1836Constitution of the Republic of Texas,and different versions of the constitution of Texas for the years 1845, 1861, 1866, and 1869. Authored by: Kris S. Seago. 2: See Appendix, Note 1.). Its orders for the attendance or testimony of witnesses or for the production of documents at any hearing or investigation shall be enforceable by contempt proceedings in the District Court or by a Master. Congressional restrictions on the equality of states, even when those limitations have been found in the acts of admission, have been held void by the Supreme Court. Create a standalone learning module, lesson, assignment, assessment or activity, Submit OER from the web for review by our librarians, Please log in to save materials. (Feb. 15, 1876. (b) The Supreme Court shall also have power, upon affidavit or otherwise as by the court may be determined, to ascertain such matters of fact as may be necessary to the proper exercise of its jurisdiction. (h) Any judicial reapportionment order adopted by the board must be approved by a record vote of the majority of the membership of both the senate and house of representatives before such order can become effective and binding. A project created by ISKME. Some contend that the clause requires Congress to treat all citizens equally. CREATION AND MODIFICATION OF COUNTIES. The current constitution is the seventh in Texas history. 312 (1839), the court heard a case where one party obtained a judgment in South Carolina and sought to enforce it in Georgia, which had a statute of limitations that barred actions on judgments after a certain amount of time had passed since the judgment was entered. Any county now existing may be reduced to an area of not less than seven hundred square miles by a like two-thirds vote. 14: see Appendix, Note 3.). AIRPORT AUTHORITIES. Amended Aug. 11, 1891, Nov. 6, 1973, and Nov. 5, 1985.). restrict the power of the government in order to keep any governor from being as powerful as Edmund J. Davis, who served under the Reconstruction Constitution of 1869. in Article 1 of the Constitution, demonstrating the authors' commitment to limiting the way political power is used to keep it from being abused. Texas Constitution Braden's Annotated Texas Constitution Guide to Historical Texas Constitutions. 11: See Appendix, Note 3.). The legislature shall provide for the necessary expenses of the board. Grand juries empaneled in the District Courts shall inquire into misdemeanors, and all indictments therefor returned into the District Courts shall forthwith be certified to the County Courts or other inferior courts, having jurisdiction to try them for trial; and if such indictment be quashed in the County, or other inferior court, the person charged, shall not be discharged if there is probable cause of guilt, but may be held by such court or magistrate to answer an information or affidavit. 20. It shall annually select one of its members as Chairman. (a) All judges of courts of this State, by virtue of their office, are conservators of the peace throughout the State. A jury in the County Court shall consist of six persons; but no jury shall be empaneled to try a civil case unless demanded by one of the parties, who shall pay such jury fee therefor, in advance, as may be prescribed by law, unless the party makes affidavit that the party is unable to pay the jury fee. A majority of those participating in the election voting in favor of the district shall be necessary for bonds to be issued. C. The law relating to the removal, discipline, suspension, or censure of a Justice or Judge of the courts established by this Constitution or created by the Legislature as provided in this Constitution applies to a master or magistrate appointed as provided by law to serve a trial court of this State and to a retired or former Judge who continues as a judicial officer subject to an assignment to sit on a court of this State. (e) The Legislature shall also provide for the holding of District Court when the Judge thereof is absent, or is from any cause disabled or disqualified from presiding. It also forbids the creation of new states from parts of existing states without the consent of the affected states and Congress. There was no place for reconsideration, or revocation, except through revolution, or through consent of the States. 8. (f) In addition to the statewide reapportionment, the board may reapportion the judicial districts of the state as the necessity for reapportionment appears by redesignating, in one or more reapportionment orders, the county or counties that comprise the specific judicial districts affected by those reapportionment orders. The Senate of the United States shall be composed of two Senators from each State, chosen by the Legislature thereof, for six Years; and each Senator shall have one Vote. COUNTY CLERK. 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