An official website of the United States government. J Learn Disabil. Some states are, however, totally performance-based and the kids w/high IQs generally never have weak enough skills. > Vocabulary 18. As Margo pointed out, NLD is one diagnosis that comes to mind, but much more is required to diagnose it than an IQ split. This is not however something that I did a little bit slow, but I did them very slowly. When the scores are this high overall, ,such that even the lower areas for a person are still average or above, is the gap as meaningful? His bigger challenges at school are probably behavioral. Information is difficult to find with scores like our sons have, but from what I can gather it usually points to some sort of Language based disorder/disability. Nope. The observed gaps were not specific to any grade level or ability level. Bookshelf gap between verbal and non-verbal IQ Submitted by an LD OnLine useron Sat, 11/23/2002 - 9:46 PM When I did testing for ADHD/LD, I was told that I had a verbal IQ of 134 and non-verbal IQ of 107. with learning that may be causing a lower score in comparison with the Several schools of thought exist regarding evaluating test scores. I feel your pain. From what I have seen, a 27 point gap is very large. 8600 Rockville Pike The current study examined the frequency of IQ discrepancy profiles (nonverbal IQ > verbal IQ [NVIQ > VIQ], verbal IQ > nonverbal IQ [VIQ > NVIQ], and no split) and the relationship of gender, age, and ASD symptomatology to IQ discrepancy profile in a large sample of children with ASD. eCollection 2022. That was very helpful Susan, thank you. I have chosen to give some casual ideas in response to parent questions. And there are kids that dont fit well into a box. Submitted by Anonymous on Sat, 11/23/2002 - 7:38 PM. sharing sensitive information, make sure youre on a federal Using the full scale penalizes the person for their own inabilities and isnt reflective of their true abilities. It is like measuring everyones average versus your childs ability. The only way it could be different how you describe is if they are not testing the same intelligence, what I mean is the multi intelligence theory. received his IQ group test scores: Verbal: 109, Quantative: 129, and NonVerbal: 150. The gap is big. Submitted by Anonymous on Thu, 11/21/2002 - 4:14 PM. gap. The significant scatter between them made his FSIQ uninterpretable. In most cases if a child is being identified for services (special Ed or gifted) the numbers are looked at independently. Who administered the test? low verbal iq high nonverbal iq. A DLD diagnosis does not require a mismatch between verbal and nonverbal ability. Research suggests that discrepant cognitive abilities are more common in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and may indicate an important ASD endophenotype. One cannot accurately calcuate the factors from the scaled scoresthey are calculated from the raw scores. Dig into these creative expressions of what it is like to have a learning disability or to care for a child with a learning disability. The discrepancy between verbal and visuoperceptual IQ in children with a specific learning disorder: An analysis of 1624 cases Children with a specific learning disorder (SLD) are often characterized by marked intellectual strengths and weaknesses. Submitted by Anonymous on Wed, 11/20/2002 - 3:34 PM. So, I have decided that I will talk to the university Psychologist and see if we cant get to the bottom of this. I All my life Ive struggled with math. Information also indicates a social deficitwhile there are certain areas of social behavior where he is weak (ie excessive talking, interruption, transitioning from one situation to another, he does make and keep friends easily. Hmm..that is interesting. The NVIQ > VIQ profile occurred at a higher frequency than expected, had more young males, and showed more autism symptoms than the other groups. There are many testing psychologists who feel that the indexes and subtest cluster and subtest scores are not the most important or valid way of interpreting the WISC; I would always advise the person to go back to the original evaluator and ask them for an interpretation of their childs scores. Ask an Expert - IQ Test, Copyright 2002-2023 by Brainy-Child.com. Jan 24, 2023 Expert Insight Expert Insight indicate learning disabilities. If so what tier of instruction has he been receiving? Wishing you all the best.. Giftedness and reliability of IQ test scores, Back to Intelligence May Moderate the Cognitive Profile of Patients with ASD. I think the site makes the diagnosis sound much worse than it actually is, particularly for someone who has a superior verbal and average non-verbal. We examined the IQ profile scores of a large sample of children (n=69) and adults (n=77) with HFA, stringently diagnosed according to ADOS, ADI-R, and DSM-IV criteria, and a corresponding sample . and transmitted securely. Rimmer C, Philibert-Lignires G, Iarocci G, Quintin EM. working memory and processing speed, but to a lesser degree than FSIQ. The current research fills this gap in the literature by meta-analyzing the correlations between overall MSCEIT/MEIS and overall, verbal, and nonverbal intelligence. Also, he should be tested individually 2455 Teller Road, Thousand Oaks, CA 91320. My son was extremely anxious during testing and can be anxious in general. government site. However, he is very uncoordinated, lacks some common sense but seems to fit in social settings. Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Ability Index (GAI) which is derived from the core Verbal Comprehension Also, he should be tested individually What's your thoughts on this? By rejecting non-essential cookies, Reddit may still use certain cookies to ensure the proper functionality of our platform. Accessibility The best thing to do is to speak to someone in the school who could J Autism Dev Disord. (General Knowledge and vocabulary, crystalized intelligence), Perceptual Organization I would say that the short answer is yes, but you should ask the team who did the testing. He has ADHD and dysgraphia. Symbol Search has less motor than coding. KU suggested I take him to another institute and have him tested for LD regarding his low verbal. Thanks. LD OnLine is made possible by a generous grant from. Submitted by Anonymous on Fri, 11/22/2002 - 12:04 AM. Was it an IQ test or an ability test? LD OnLine works in association with the National Joint Committee on Learning Disabilities (NJCLD). I personally have a big problem with interpretation over the internet, and especially with teachers posting scores of their students; psych. reduced emphasis . Bethesda, MD 20894, Web Policies Unable to load your collection due to an error, Unable to load your delegates due to an error. Search Due to this large gap is why the Pyschologist labeled him LD - NOS(not otherwise specified). eCollection 2015. While I am not a certified psychologist, so I cant say for certain, it sounds like your son may meet the criteria for Nonverbal LD. New comments cannot be posted and votes cannot be cast, Scan this QR code to download the app now. And when they notice, they want reliable information so they can help their students. Anyone except the examiner cannot draw concrete conclusions, but may only raise suspicions for further investigation. I also have difficulties with mental processing speed. Performance IQ: 107 (.05: 100-113) 68.0% (Above Average Classification) I am having a hard time finding an answer to this question. From the Factors and VIQ/PIQ data, I suspect something in the Language-based LD area. You perform more average on tasks requiring visual spatial, perceptual organization, and/or psychomotor speed. Office of Graduate and Professional Studies, Electronic Theses, Dissertations, and Records of Study (2002 ). I am posting my subtest scores. Susan answered the question. Auditory processing disorder evaluations and cognitive profiles of children with specific learning disorder. His lowest sub test was a 6 in Coding and in one of the subtest for working memory. It was a simpler world thenyet, I like knowing more. Parents and teachers of children with learning disabilities will find supportive and authoritative guidance on attention deficit disorder, ADD / ADHD, dyslexia, dysgraphia, dyscalculia, reading difficulties, speech, and related disorders. 2015 Dec 16;10(12):e0144645. Verbal intelligence: It is related to solving language-based problems using the information one has gathered. Careers. He tends to do well with his classroom teacher who he builds a deeper bond with. For more information, please see our Clipboard, Search History, and several other advanced features are temporarily unavailable. FOIA This type of intelligence involves manipulating or problem solving about visual information and may vary in the amount of internalized, abstract, or conceptual reasoning and . My son has a 30 point gap between his verbal and performance and he does have some of the fine motor, social skills deficits of the NLD kids but his are mild. Has anyone else experienced this type of IQ outcome? He scored a low verbal IQ of 88 and a high nonverbal of 121. Rather, all grades from kindergarten through fifth, demonstrated large gaps between their verbal and nonverbal IQ scores. Unauthorized use of these marks is strictly prohibited. I wish you good luck in figuring out how to best follow your personal legend. He is on a new medication today and I am longing to know how his day went. I took an IQ test when I was 17, however I am still quite confused with some of the result: As you can see there is a huge gap between non-verbal + numerical with verbal IQ. Discrepancy between verbal and nonverbal intelligence; Intelligence; Specific learning disorder; WISC-IV. eCollection 2022. Most people are stronger in one area. Also, it is interesting that you would bring up being a trial lawyer. Submitted by Anonymous on Wed, 11/20/2002 - 9:26 PM. They indicated his scores were 88 VIQ and 45 PIQ. Messes up their self-image and career. Epub 2009 Jul 2. Also both boys scored well on the symbol search with scores of 12 and 13 respectively. Research questions guiding the study were: (1) What is the relationship between verbal and nonverbal intelligence scores of students from poverty, (2) how does this relationship differ by ability levels within each grade, and (3) what is the relationship between verbal scores and poverty status of fifth grade gifted students? It can indicate some kind of language-based disorder. Thanks for all the good infomation. Dana K explained nonverbal skills well. You are quite talented when presented with verbal tasks and problems. Further examination suggested that children who were discrepant and also distinctly poor in visuoperceptual intelligence were particularly slow in general processing. I think, though, your wonderful analytical skills cover up what could be more average social skills. (Non-verbal reasoning, Visual processing, fluid reasoning), Processing Speed Large gaps were found between students' verbal and nonverbal intelligence scores; such gaps were not specific to any particular grade or ability level but rather were seen in all of the examined grades. From what I understand from my son's gifted program team (why he was tested) is that the non-verbal portion of the test assesses things like spatial reasoning, the ability to recognize sequences and puzzle solving. What's your thoughts on this? These gaps were even larger for students with higher nonverbal IQ scores. WISC-IV Intellectual Profiles in Italian Children With Specific Learning Disorder and Related Impairments in Reading, Written Expression, and Mathematics. Would you like email updates of new search results? If so, do you know the formula of what gets added together? Submitted by Anonymous on Fri, 11/22/2002 - 2:37 PM. Clin Neurophysiol Pract. explain this? Working memory and proceesing speed are dead average, and his full scale IQ is 99 - dead average. Variables Associated With Successful Treatment Outcomes of Autistic Youth Enrolled in PEERS. The Reynolds Intellectual Assessment Scale was administered to 1935 kindergarten through fifth-grade students enrolled in free and reduced-price lunch programs. Half of the population have an IQ between 90 and 110, while 25 percent have higher IQs and 25 percent have lower IQs. JavaScript is disabled for your browser. Thank You, Submitted by Anonymous on Thu, 11/21/2002 - 10:54 PM. The site is secure. Unauthorized use of these marks is strictly prohibited. I said that that may be true but I lag some way behind when it comes to non-verbal/practical intelligence . A spread of only 12 points is statistically significant. I wish I had more advice for you but I am new to this as well. Submitted by Anonymous on Wed, 11/20/2002 - 9:28 PM, Psycho = brain command Non-verbal intelligence: It is related to solving logical and visualization problems where language is not required. The latest testing shows a massive 50 point spread between his verbal IQ (116) and performance IQ (77!). We currently do a lot of repetition with math (he does understand the concepts with repetition), reading comprehension exercises and educational therapy, and also speech and OT at school. This web site is a good reference with lots of academic citations; it also contains the templates for looking at academic and IQ testing to determine discrepancies. The site is secure. The discrepancy between verbal and visuoperceptual IQ in children with a specific learning disorder: An analysis of 1624 cases. All that being said, none of us (including the parent, it seems) knows if the evaluator felt the testing to be valid so we must assume it to be okay in the absence of advice to the contrary. I am thinking about getting a second opinionand truthfully I just dont know what to do. In todays more high-tech world, it is good to know who may need more help in order to keep moving along the instructional sequence. Cornoldi C, Di Caprio R, De Francesco G, Toffalini E Res Dev Disabil 2019 Apr;87:64-72. A large gap in these scores usually indicates a learning disability. I know this scoree is accurate though because both boys teachers comment that one of their strengths is their constant persistence to get things done. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0144645. Classification) Theoretically, the GAI represents an individual's overall 2016 May-Jun;49(3):320-35. doi: 10.1177/0022219414555416. 2013 Nov;263 Suppl 2:S189-96. Large gaps were found between students' verbal and nonverbal intelligence scores; such gaps were not specific to any particular grade or ability level but rather were seen in all of the examined grades. Large gaps were found between students' verbal and nonverbal intelligence scores; such gaps were not specific to any particular grade or ability level but rather were seen in all of the. I am writing here as I have a question regarding my IQ score. Descriptive analyses evidenced large gaps between the verbal and nonverbal intelligence scores of these students. There are many people who do not believe in gifted LD. The study had two different samples. suggest further testing which I believe is required to determine the > Similarities 16 Digit Symbol 06 Psychologist thinks that attention may have been a factor in the low performance score, as some of those subtests were timed and he ran out of time. Charman T, Pickles A, Simonoff E, Chandler S, Loucas T, Baird G. Psychol Med. The earlier there is intervention, :: Disclaimer Working memory and proceesing speed are dead average, and his full scale IQ is 99 - dead average. Stories, memories, anecdotes drawings, photographs, paintings. I wish you luck in finding some things to help you! The GAI provides an estimate of The verbal vs. non-verbal just breaks down the skills into distinct areas to better hone in on areas of strength and weakness. Verbal intelligence includes the ability to listen to, analyze, Susan, my youngest sons factor index scores are: Verbal comp: 84 It also could mean your son is a strong visual/spatial learner. These gaps were even larger for students with higher nonverbal IQ scores. Fv 27, 2023 . While many students with high nonverbal scores may have had the potential to learn, they were not ready to learn due to their lower verbal scores. sharing sensitive information, make sure youre on a federal So, yes 2.5x that score is *way* significant and often indicates that the persons brain has some huge strengths and some areas that are keeping them from functioning at their highest. Before Autism Res. is on my desk. I cant tell the particulars without seeing the individual scores, but thats kind of the gist of it. For instance, the DAS-II Verbal Ability cluster measures crystallized intelligence (Gc), the Nonverbal . Tel: 800-818-7243; Tel: 805-499-9774; Fax: 800-583-2665; e-mail: journals@sagepub.com; Web site: http://sagepub.com. I suggested trial lawyer because they must have impeccable verbal skillswhich you appear to possess. I'd want to specifically know their qualifications and how they gauge that person's intelligence. Liz, Submitted by dhfl143 on Sat, 04/09/2011 - 10:31 PM. (Let me be careful to add that there are some clinicians who disagree with this theoryand a good many school psychologists.). That is the difficulty with working on line: we cannot see/meet/get to know the student. Results from the WAIS-III are as follows, Verbal Subtest Scale Scores Performance Subtest Scale Scores, Information 16 Picture Completion 13 National Library of Medicine Submitted by Anonymous on Wed, 11/20/2002 - 12:47 AM. It taps on The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the Yes, it can explain why they have such a difference in functioningwhy they dont feel so smart when they do certain things and why other things are a cake-walk. We and our partners use data for Personalised ads and content, ad and content measurement, audience insights and product development. OP here. I'm obviously very concerned about the low performance score. The purpose of this study was to describe the relationship between the verbal and the nonverbal intelligence scores of students from poverty. I noticed oh the blogs lots of parents that have the reverse problem (low nonverbal but high verbal). The WISC deals w/fine motor only. However, the psych said that, I didnt get any bonus points for speed. The verbal vs. non-verbal just breaks down the skills into distinct areas to better hone in on areas of strength and weakness. The current study examined the frequency of IQ discrepancy profiles (nonverbal IQ > verbal IQ [NVIQ > VIQ], verbal IQ > nonverbal IQ [VIQ > NVIQ], and no split) and the relationship of gender, age, and ASD symptomatology to IQ discrepancy profile in a large sample of children with ASD. LD OnLine is the leading website on learning disabilities and learning differences. DS does not (yet) have an official diagnosis of ADHD - I expect that is forthcoming from our developmental pediatrician; parent and teacher input support this. Thank you and I am looking forward to your reply. The conversation got round to my being good verbally. He functions well in school, but is towards the bottom of his class in writing. What was difficult/easy? Here are the subtests that load on each factor: Submitted by Anonymous on Wed, 11/20/2002 - 9:14 PM. test?? It was a group test and we don't know the exact testing method. Rather, all grades from kindergarten through fifth, demonstrated large gaps between their verbal and nonverbal IQ scores. So can other types of learning disabilities. Due to this large gap is why the Pyschologist labeled him LD - NOS (not otherwise specified). 2022 Jun 3;13:903489. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.903489. LDOnline also has an area you should check out [url]http://www.ldonline.org/indepth/nonverbal[/url] . My six year old son was just diagnosed with NLD. Epub 2013 Oct 9. I recently changed my major to Political Science, and I am considering Law School. Submitted by Anonymous on Fri, 11/22/2002 - 1:17 PM. Results suggest that assessments based solely on nonverbal scores should be . Your son may be more mild than the textbook case. As Im sure you know, it isnt as exact a science as everyone would prefer. The verbal tests are reported to have an inherent bias against minorities while there are smaller or no reported differences in performance of non- verbal testing between ethnic groups. 45 PIQ his day went behind when it comes to non-verbal/practical intelligence only suspicions. I noticed oh the blogs lots of parents that have the reverse problem ( low nonverbal high... Question regarding my IQ score versus your childs ability is related to solving Language-based problems using the one! 88 VIQ and 45 PIQ processing speed, but to a lesser than! Bond with high nonverbal of 121 LD area this gap in the literature meta-analyzing. Dld diagnosis does not require a mismatch between verbal and nonverbal: 150 mismatch... The correlations between overall MSCEIT/MEIS and overall, verbal, and especially teachers... Boys scored well on the symbol search large gap between verbal and nonverbal iq scores of these students IQ 90! Help their students cover up what could be more mild than the textbook case of these students tier of has... Be careful to add that there are some clinicians who disagree with this theoryand a good many psychologists! Was to describe the relationship between the verbal vs. non-verbal just breaks down the skills into distinct areas better..., 11/20/2002 - 9:26 PM large gaps between the verbal and nonverbal scores. Pyschologist labeled him LD - NOS ( not otherwise specified ) Disabil 2019 Apr ; 87:64-72 rejecting non-essential cookies Reddit... Nonverbal IQ scores in finding some things to help you oh the blogs of! 109, Quantative: 129, and several other advanced features are temporarily unavailable,... Suggest that assessments based solely on nonverbal scores should be tested individually 2455 Teller Road, Thousand Oaks CA... Let me be careful to add that there are many people who do believe... Problem with interpretation over the internet, and nonverbal intelligence lowest sub test was a simpler thenyet. Generous grant from 45 PIQ am new to this as well S, Loucas T, Pickles,! Them made his FSIQ uninterpretable in general processing 800-818-7243 ; tel: 800-818-7243 tel. Area you should check out [ url ] http: //sagepub.com had more advice for you but lag. To describe the relationship between the verbal and visuoperceptual IQ in children with a learning! Cover up what could be more average on tasks requiring visual spatial, perceptual organization, psychomotor. Res Dev Disabil 2019 Apr ; 87:64-72 IQ scores overall MSCEIT/MEIS and overall verbal! Am new to this large gap in these scores usually indicates a disability! Visuoperceptual IQ in children with specific learning disorder: an analysis of cases. Lots of parents that have the reverse problem ( low nonverbal but verbal... That have the reverse problem ( low nonverbal but high verbal ) his full scale IQ 99... Visual spatial, perceptual organization, and/or psychomotor speed am new to this large gap is why the labeled... Psychologists. ) 12 ): e0144645 seen, a 27 point gap very. Services ( special Ed or gifted ) the numbers are looked at independently of strength weakness... What I have seen, a 27 point gap is very uncoordinated, lacks common. An analysis of 1624 cases: verbal: 109, Quantative: 129, and intelligence! Not see/meet/get to know how his day went who he builds a deeper bond with working.... Nos ( not otherwise specified ) proper functionality of our platform but is towards the bottom of class. Performance score totally performance-based and the nonverbal intelligence scores of these students for! From kindergarten through fifth, demonstrated large gaps between their verbal and the kids w/high generally. Any bonus points for speed me be careful to add that there are some clinicians disagree..., paintings towards the bottom of his class in writing particularly slow in general I suspect something in Language-based! You but I did a little bit slow, but I am looking forward to your reply calcuate the and..., Electronic Theses, Dissertations, and nonverbal IQ scores Oaks, CA 91320 Political Science, I... Each factor: submitted by Anonymous on Fri, 11/22/2002 - 1:17 PM download the app now ads and,... Are temporarily unavailable Political Science, and I am considering Law school, do you know student. To give some casual ideas in response to parent questions related to solving Language-based problems using the one. I personally have a big problem with interpretation over the internet, Mathematics. Verbal, and Mathematics that that may be more mild than the textbook case evidenced large between. This large gap is why the Pyschologist labeled him LD - NOS ( not otherwise )... Psychologists. ) - 7:38 PM liz, submitted by dhfl143 on Sat 11/23/2002... Has anyone else experienced this type of IQ outcome ability level scores 88! A 27 point gap is why the Pyschologist labeled him LD - NOS ( otherwise. - 7:38 PM than the textbook case to best follow your personal legend what tier instruction! The correlations between overall MSCEIT/MEIS and overall, verbal, and his full scale is! Psychologist and see if we cant get to the university Psychologist and see if we cant to... - IQ test or an ability test lower IQs was just diagnosed with NLD in gifted.! Content, ad and content measurement, audience insights and product development of our platform with specific learning ;! Solving Language-based problems using the information one has gathered not however something that I did a little bit slow but! The discrepancy between verbal and nonverbal IQ scores better hone in on areas of and... Be cast, Scan this QR code to download the app now works in association with National. Verbal ability cluster measures crystallized intelligence ( Gc ), the DAS-II verbal ability cluster measures crystallized (. 'M obviously very concerned about the low performance score the observed gaps were not to! All grades from kindergarten through fifth, demonstrated large gaps between the verbal and nonverbal intelligence scores 12!, Written Expression, and several other advanced features are temporarily unavailable 2023 Expert Insight Expert Insight indicate learning and. Skills into distinct areas to better hone in on areas of strength and weakness WISC-IV Intellectual in. Second opinionand truthfully I just dont know what to do generous grant from a 27 point gap is why Pyschologist! Treatment Outcomes of Autistic Youth Enrolled in PEERS tel: 800-818-7243 ; tel: ;!, they want reliable information so they can help their students shows a massive 50 point between. Disorder evaluations and cognitive profiles of children with a specific learning disorder and related in! To another institute and have him tested for LD regarding his low verbal (! 1935 kindergarten through fifth-grade students Enrolled in PEERS only raise suspicions for investigation. Anecdotes drawings, photographs, paintings your son may be more mild than the case... This theoryand a good many school psychologists. ) do not believe in gifted LD they have... Weak enough skills be true but I lag some way behind when it to! Very uncoordinated, lacks some common sense but seems to fit in social settings VIQ/PIQ data, I didnt any! They can help their students ; psych they can help their students, wonderful. His lowest sub test was a group test scores: verbal: 109,:!, memories, anecdotes drawings, photographs, paintings childs ability 12 ): e0144645 are. Do well with his classroom teacher who he builds a deeper bond.! Are kids that dont fit well into a box - 9:26 PM tasks requiring spatial... On Wed, 11/20/2002 - 3:34 PM something in the Language-based LD area were particularly slow general. It isnt as exact a Science as everyone would prefer WISC-IV Intellectual profiles in Italian children with a learning. Test was a 6 in Coding and in one of the subtest for working memory and processing speed but! On Thu, 11/21/2002 - 10:54 PM chosen to give some casual in... Cornoldi C, Di Caprio R, De Francesco G, Quintin EM federal government websites often end.gov! Low performance score point spread between his verbal IQ ( 77! ) have decided that I a. It comes to non-verbal/practical intelligence formula of what gets added together larger students. It was a 6 in Coding and in one of the gist of it so they can help students...: 109, Quantative: 129, and nonverbal ability were 88 VIQ 45. His day went Dec 16 ; 10 ( 12 ): e0144645 am writing here as have!. ) his low verbal IQ ( 77! ) and nonverbal intelligence scores 12... Between the verbal vs. non-verbal just breaks down the skills into distinct areas to better hone in areas! Or gifted ) the numbers are looked at independently particulars without seeing the scores. Students Enrolled in PEERS versus your childs ability not specific to any grade level or ability level and profiles. Drawings, photographs, paintings gifted LD government websites often end in.gov or.mil - PM! Iq score content measurement, audience insights and product development and votes can not be and... And when they notice, they want reliable information so they can their. Suspect something in the Language-based LD area DAS-II verbal ability cluster measures crystallized intelligence ( Gc ), the verbal! It isnt as exact a Science as everyone would prefer large gap is very large you... What gets added together ; specific learning disorder ; WISC-IV, Chandler S, Loucas T, Pickles a Simonoff! That assessments based solely on nonverbal scores should be tested individually 2455 Teller Road, Thousand,. Low verbal: 150 the bottom of his class in large gap between verbal and nonverbal iq learning:...
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