[32], French sources reported Algerian casualties to be 60 dead and 250 wounded,[6] with later works giving a number of 300 Algerian dead. The killing of thethree drivers on a desert road is the latest peak in a series ofgrowing tensionsbetween the two Maghreb states that support opposite sides of the dispute over the Western Sahara territory, a former Spanish colony. U Vladimir Odintsov. READ MORE Morocco/Algeria : Tensions on the rise after Algerian show mocks the King. The Polisario Front fought a long war against Morocco to win the independence of the disputed Western Saharan territory. In terms of military advantage, Algerias troops are generally considered to be more combat-ready, primarily because of their almost constant warfare against groups of radical Islamists based in the desert areas of the country, with all their personnel regularly taking part in anti-terrorist operations. Algeria is one of the few Arab countries that maintains tie with the Syrian Government under Bashar al-Assad, and has defended the government within the Arab League. During the Algerian War of Independence, the Algerian rebels received funding from Morocco along with safe havens, arms, and medicine. The Africa Report takes an in-depth look at the forces involved. I personally think that these kind of questions are simply pointless. For 2023, Algeria is ranked 26 of 145 out of the countries considered for the annual GFP review. 192. Morocco caught up with Algeria . Relations between Morocco and Algeria have been strained ever since they each gained their independence in the mid20th century. [20] The discovery of large deposits of oil and minerals (iron, manganese) in the region led France to define more precisely the territories, and in 1952 the French decided to integrate Tindouf and Colomb-Bechar to the French departments of Algeria. But Algeria's president, Abdelmadjid Tebboune, has already warned Morocco that "their killings will not go unpunished,"as the state news agency APS reports. After Algeria achieved independence, Morocco . The leadership of the country is quite critical of isolated attempts of the United States to weave a conspiracy against Algeria, which the Algerian president stated in June 2021 along with Algerias unwillingness to stand next after Syria on Washingtons list. The landing forces were under the overall command of Major-General Charles W. Ryder, commanding general of the U.S. 34th Infantry Division. Algeria would eventually win unless Morocco comes up with a solid plan. Egypt even began sending troops and defense hardware in late October to bolster the Algerian military. The Algerian War was very violent as hundreds of thousands were killed. But in a pre-recorded video shown at the UN assembly, Moroccos foreign minister said Algeria needed to shoulder its responsibility for perpetuating an invented regional conflict, demanding that Algiers stop protecting a group of armed separatists in gross violation of international humanitarian law. Despite ambiguous sentiment in Algeria concerning its former colonial power, France has maintained a historically favored position in Algerian foreign relations. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. The Western Sahara conflict. Algerian civil war. The Sand War or the Sands War (Arabic: , romanized: arb ar-Riml) was a border conflict between Algeria and Morocco in October 1963. First of all, because Algeria refuses to take such a step until a Palestinian state is established with East Jerusalem as its capital, despite the fact that some Arab states have already softened their stance on the issue. Observers believe that the current indicators . Both are members of the Arab League (but Syria was suspended in 2012). The appointment of a senior officer whose credentials include several military campaigns inWestern Sahara is an unmistakable message to Algiers: Rabat is ready to respond with military force if Algerias generals continue pressuring Morocco and ultimately initiate hostilities. Though Algerias official press service, Algrie Presse Service, routinely picks up these stories, they are a perplexing mix of fact and fiction. There is no doubt that an armed conflict between Algeria and Morocco could be disastrous for the entire region. The 10% cut of energy supply is a setback for Morocco as well, since the country has to import about 95% of its energy. P 22.01.2022 The Algerian civil war . In a carefully calculated moveaimed at neutralising the reach of the Moroccan military - which had formerly attempted a coup under the rule of King Hassan II - Mohammed VI placed the security of the royal palace and compound in the hands of the countrys armed forces. Algerian-Moroccan relations are heading towards further escalation after Algeria announced the immediate closure of its airspace to Moroccan aviation. The military subsequently became the main political force in Algeria, taking an active part in domestic politics. In late December, Amar Belani, the PDRAs special envoy for Western Sahara and the Maghreb, criticized in an interview with the Algrie Presse Service (APS) the inclusion of Western Sahara in the full map of Morocco and Rabats attempts to represent Western Sahara as its territory in this way at official events. Copyright 2014 - 2023. The crew of guided-missile destroyer USS Russell, pictured in December 2020: U.S. ships are manned by far more experienced personnel. [27] Its logistics was also complicated by its vast array of largely obsolete weapons from a number of diverse sources, including France, Germany, Czechoslovakia, and the United States. Algeria is one of few Arab nations that is willing to cooperate with Iran. On 21 September 1997, the AIS' head, Madani Mezrag, ordered a unilateral and unconditional ceasefire starting 1 October, in order to "unveil the enemy that hides behind these abominable massacres." In August 2021, Algiers unilaterally cut all ties with Rabat, accusing Morocco of being behind wildfires that consumed Algerian forests. Algeria has openly backed the Polisario Front separatist movement, which defends the right of theSahrawi people to self-determination. Simply use the dropdowns below to select your global powers. The regime of Mohammed VI seems convinced it is sufficiently "covered" by two world powers - the US and Israel - to attempt to stand up to the Algerian generals supporting the Polisario movement. Next, Algerias High Security Council announced that it was closing its airspace to all Moroccan civilian and military aircraft as well as those with Moroccan registration numbers. Given the recent turn of events, it is impossible to believe that Moroccos King Mohammed VI will be content to simply wield the soft power of consensus and regional cooperation once again. [39] The meeting would be held to set up a commission to determine who was responsible for starting the war and to examine the frontier question and suggest methods for bringing about a lasting settlement of the conflict. It is noted that Algeria accuses Morocco of aggression, recalls Western Sahara, which it recognizes as an independent state while the Moroccans view it as a separatist enclave. Which African countries are still under French rule. November 2020 unleashed pandora's box following the military intervention in Guerguerat and Washington's recognition of Rabat's sovereignty over Western Sahara. She believes that neither side can really afford to push the envelope too far. The first attempt led to a ten-year, incredibly violent war that lasted through the 1990s and failed to change the source of power in the country. Morocco, in turn, has been receiving about 10% of its gas supply as compensation. It aimed to put a definite end to Barbary privateering and increase the king's popularity among the French people, particularly in Paris, where many veterans of the Napoleonic Wars lived. The land border between Morocco and Algeria has already been closed since 1994 at the behest of the Algerian regime, after Morocco blamed its secret services for a terrorist attack in a hotel in Marrakech carried out by French citizens of North African descent, imposed visas for Algerian nationals, and expelled those who didn't hold residence The Sand War or the Sands War (Arabic: , romanized:arb ar-Riml) was a border conflict between Algeria and Morocco in October 1963. The military doctrines of both countries are based on the constant threat from a neighboring state, and the ongoing arms race between them is extremely costly for both countries, especially given the current global economic crisis. [40] However, a Malian officer arrived on November 4 and enforced the Bamako Accord, ending the hostilities. Why is China cracking down on prominent business figures? Dubbed North Africa's new 'Cold War', the tensions between Morocco and neighboring Algeria threaten to escalate and the consequences of this have a lot more to do with Western meddling in the affairs of the two countries than meets the eye. . I do not know how this soothes you. Online tool for comparing the current military strengths of two world powers. The main challenge today, therefore, is to reduce diplomatic tensions between Morocco and Algeria, including with the involvement of many external actors, to avoid increasing tensions between these North African states and to prevent provocative actions favoring one of the parties, which the Trump administration previously actively sought to exploit in its geostrategic interests. In line with its idea of sovereignty, Algeria views the conflicts taking place in these countries as their internal affairs, which external players should not interfere in. Reports also suggest that the newly appointed commander of Moroccos armed forces is a favourite with the Americans. "Algeria, The Maghreb Union, and the Western Sahara Stalemate. Medgaz was the backup plan. The colonialist French authorities have committed abuses and torture against Algerian civilians, according to Algerian historians and victims. "Morocco is right to be worried", said the U.S. columnist, stressing that drones may not enable its users to win a war but they can inflict severe damage on various targets, from tourist centers to military installations to vital power grids and power stations. One such show of military force was conducted in January 2021, with the backing of Russia. The United Nations General Assembly (UNGA) has again condemned Russia over its invasion of Ukraine, calling for Moscow's immediate withdrawal and an end to the fighting. Algerias attachment to its principles and its determination not to deviate from them are a source of irritation to the Makhzen [Moroccos governing institution], and an impediment to the regimes questionable regional projects, the lieutenant general is quoted as saying. NATO: Finland forges ahead of Sweden toward membership, Ukraine updates: Zelenskyy calls for ICC Russia probe, Russian troops step up fight to cut off Bakhmut supply lines. Morocco and Algeria: Is a military showdown coming? More recently, on 28 September, Algerian Chief of Staff Lieutenant General Said Chengrihaaccused the Moroccan kingdom of plotting a "conspiracy" against his country to undermine the unity of the Algerian people, by sowing discord and division among them. "If there is . Sri Lanka. 32. In Algiers, Moroccos latest moves have been a clear source of tension at a time when Algerias once highly influential diplomatic corps is starting to pick up the pieces after 20 years of stagnation under former president Abdelaziz Bouteflikas regime. According to the Sipri annual report of 2021, Morocco is now the third-largest arms importer in Africa, just behind Egypt and Algeria. Like Brezhnev did in Afghanistan, Putin overreached . Who is Nigerias president-elect Bola Tinubu? Algeria's hostility toward Morocco since its independence in 1962 is considered a real enigma by many foreign observers. After Moroccan forces carried out an operation to drive Sahrawi separatists out of the Guerguerat crossing point in mid-November, as the rebel group had blocked access to the area, Sahrawi fighters are once again saying a war has erupted between Rabat and the Polisario. So, it is quite a risky position to take.". [31] On October 13, 1963, Moroccan ground units launched a major offensive on Tindouf. Will a war extinguish hope for the country's popular movement? First of all, this has been caused by provocative actions of external actors regarding the conflict in Western Sahara, and in particular the steps by the Trump administration to recognize Moroccan sovereignty over the disputed territory in late 2020. [9], Upon Algerian independence, the FLN announced it would apply the principle of uti possidetis to pre-existing colonial borders. The United States should firmly grasp any new chance . Morocco's and Algeria's top military and secret service leaders have risen through the ranks and often led brilliant and sometimes action-packed careers. Morocco formally achieved its independence from France on March 2, 1956. After the Spanish withdrawal in 1975, Morocco . It is a move that Algerian diplomats are well acquainted with, having long used it themselves to contain the manoeuvres of Moroccos foreign ministry - witness the countless large-scale military operations organised by the Algerian army in each of its militarised regions, and especially on the Moroccan border. In Algeria, the army is the key state institution which much of the country's well-being is based around; historically, the first leaders of an independent PDRA were military commanders of the "National Liberation Front", set up to liberate the country from French colonial forces. The two countries fell out again when Algeria backed the Polisario Front's campaign for Western Sahara's independence from Morocco, leading to the 1975-1991 Western Sahara War. Could the situation descend into a full-blown conflict? Reco But history shows that countries do not always have complete control over the scale of their own aggression, as seemingly minor escalations have quickly degenerated in the past. can rely on a broad social and political consensus that the Western Sahara should be Moroccan and he has little criticism to fear from his own people," Sonja Hegasy, Vice Director at the Berlin-based Leibniz-Zentrum Moderner Orient (Leibniz Center for the Modern Orient, ZMO), told DW on the phone. VIEWS. Until that point, relations between Algeria and Morocco were icy, but cooperative. How did France lose the Algerian War? Regarding two of the countries that share a history of colonialism and war with France, Morocco and Algeria, Macron recalled that the largest diaspora in the Maghreb is precisely on French territory. Algerian Foreign Minister . The views of the authors do not necessarily coincide with the opinion of the editorial board. [28] The Algerian army had ordered a large number of AMX-13 light tanks from France in 1962,[29] but, at the time of the fighting, only twelve were in service. A laureate of the Royal Military Academy, Farouk began in the infantry, before occupying several key military positions, including commander of the southern provinces, the position he filled for nearly 40 years and that has been virtually vacant since 2017. The views expressed in this article belong to the author and do not necessarily reflect the editorial policy of Middle East Eye. The Algeria-Tunisia-Mauritania alliance, combined with Hassan's political flexibility, helped produce in August 1984 what Algerian spokesmen called an "alliance against nature" between Morocco and . Morocco is a strong partner in counterterrorism efforts and works closely with U.S. law enforcement to safeguard both countries' national security interests. New hurdles for rescuers at sea in the Mediterranean, Tunisia: Presidential scapegoating stokes fear and support, Canada Soccer president resigns amid equal pay dispute, Thousands of migrants have died in Southern Texas. [37] While Castro had hoped to keep Cuba's intervention covert, and a number of the Cuban personnel wore Algerian uniforms, they were observed by French military and diplomatic staff in Oran and word of their presence soon leaked to the Western press. [39] Finally, the accord suggested an immediate gathering of the Foreign Ministers of the Organisation of African Unity (OAU). [5] The demilitarized zone was maintained in the meantime, monitored by the OAU's first multinational peacekeeping force. [23], Multiple actors, including the Arab League, Tunisia's Habib Bourguiba, Libya's King Idris, and Ethiopia's Emperor Haile Selassie, sought to moderate negotiations. The treaty marked the end of a bitter war. Algeria also provided arms and training for Palestinian militants. Algeria tourist visa is not required for citizens of Morocco for a stay up to 90 days. A Basquiat painting soared 2,209,900% when it was bought for $5,000 and sold for $110,500,000 in 2017. If you are reading this message your browser has Javascript disabled. And in a deal brokered by the US, the kingdom agreed to resume diplomatic relations with Israel, a long-standing taboo for Algeria which also happens to be the Polisario Fronts main backer. [11][30] They possessed forty T-54 main battle tanks that they had purchased from the Soviet Union, twelve SU-100 tank destroyers, seventeen AMX-13s, and a fleet of gun-armed Panhard EBR armored cars. Morocco denied the allegations and offered brotherly dialogue to settle decades-long divergences. who would win a war between morocco and algeria In reality, it is explained by the nature of power in Algeria, which, A war between these two near superpowers is like a fight between twins. So far, Morocco has denied any involvement in the bombings that took . [26], The Algerian military, recently formed from the guerrilla ranks of the FLN's Arme de Libration Nationale (ALN), was still oriented towards asymmetric warfare, and had few heavy weapons. The United Nations has attempted to negotiate a settlement on the dispute, but Trump's announcement means the United States will be the first Western nation to officially endorse Morocco's claims. Rabat turns to US and French suppliers, while Algiers sticks with Russian-made military goods. (1954-1962). ( ) .================COPYRIGHT DISCLAIMER UNDER SECTION 107 OF THE COPYRIGHT ACT 1976 Copyright Disclaimer Under Section 107 of the Copyright Act 1976, allowance is made for \"fair use\" for purposes such as criticism, comment, news reporting, teaching, scholarship, and research. In this video, I have compared the air and naval forces of both countries with you================ Arabic : . Morocco has a comparable armed force, the mainstay of which is 400 Abrams tanks, one of the most modern modifications, and about 3,000 tanks of older models. The conflict between Polisario and Morocco had been in a state of ceasefire for almost 30 years, when in November of 2020 the leader of the Polisario Front, Brahim Ghali, declared a resumption of hostilities. Three factors contributed to the outbreak of this conflict: the absence of a precise delineation of the border between Algeria and Morocco, the discovery of important mineral . Though relations between the brotherly countries have never been without bumps in the road, Morocco and Algerias chilly ties have given way to open hostility over the past few months. [23] The following year the two leaders set up a commission to demarcate the border and examine prospects for joint efforts to mine iron ore in the disputed region. Who would win in a war between USA vs Egypt, South Africa, Algeria, Nigeria, Ethiopia and UK as allies. The conflict was a Cold War theater: Algeria was . Middle East Eye. I would guess Morocco, 1-0 with a goal just before halftime. Atlantic Council experts react to the deal between Israel, Morocco, and the United States, and what it means for the wider MENA region: After Morocco became a French protectorate in 1912, the French administration set borders between the two territories, but these tracks were often misidentified (Varnier line in 1912, Trinquet line in 1938), and varied from one map to another,[19] since for the French administration these were not international borders and the area was virtually uninhabited. [38] The United Nations received many pleas to issue a ceasefire appeal, but Secretary-General U Thant wanted to allow regional initiatives to pursue a solution. Morocco, consequently, closed off its borders briefly but Algeria used the decision as an . [36] Its forces included twenty-two T-34 tanks, eighteen 120-mm mortars, a battery of 57-mm recoilless rifles, anti-aircraft artillery with eighteen guns, and eighteen 122mm field guns with the crews to operate them. Laura Wrzeski Science Junkie Author has 2.2K answers and 3.6M answer views 1 y Arms dealers would win. That is what we believe will change the continent, and that is what we report on. Algeria's foreign policy is driven by pragmatism. The United States made Algeria a "pivotal state" in the war on terror. This helps us sort answers on the page. Good news if tourist visa is the correct choice for the purpose of your trip to Algeria. [24] Ben Bella's fledgling administration was still attempting to rebuild the country after the enormous damage caused by the Algerian War, and was already pre-occupied with an insurgency by the FFS led by Hocine At Ahmed opposed to Ben Bella's autocratic rule. [28] For these reasons, the Cuban government formed the Grupo Especial de Instruccin to be sent to Algeria. It resulted largely from the Moroccan government's claim to portions of Algeria's Tindouf and Bchar provinces. Federica Saini Fasanotti. Complete the form and download, for free, the highlights from The Africa Reports Exclusive Ranking of Africas top 200 banks from last year. We are now talking about war between the two Maghreb countries. [8] Morocco officially reported to have suffered 39 dead. Algeria currently enjoys very strong relations with Russia. 15. November 2020 unleashed pandora's box following the military intervention in Guerguerat and Washington's recognition of Rabat's sovereignty over Western Sahara. [23] However, Hassan was reluctant to authorise it, fearing that another battle would prompt further military intervention from Algeria's allies. Although the Moroccan state did not interfere in the annexation of the Tuat region, several Moroccan tribes independently sent volunteers to fight against the French. Three factors contributed to the outbreak of this conflict: the absence of a precise delineation of the border between Algeria and Morocco, the discovery of important mineral resources in the disputed area, and the Moroccan irredentism fueled by the Greater Morocco[9] ideology of the Istiqlal Party and Allal al-Fassi.[10]. Consultant international et chercheur associ au Centre Jacques-Berque Rabat, et secrtaire gnral du Centre marocain des tudes sur les rfugis (CMER), il est lauteur de Qui gouverne le Maroc : tude sociologique sur le leadership politique (LHarmattan, 2015). By Jihd Gillon [22] However, one of the FLN's primary objectives was to prevent France from splitting the strategic Sahara regions from a future Algerian state. A year . Lucky them. Morocco vs Algeria Military Comparison 2022 | Who Would Win? Algeria tried twice to change the nature of its political system. It ranks in the world's top ten for military spending as a share of GDP; A lgeria's is 5.6% versus 4.2% for . With international attention concentrated for weeks on Russian forces amassed at Ukraine's borders, fewer resources have been spent anticipating the many second- and third-order effects that conflict between these two countries could trigger worldwide. Algeria keeps a strong cultural relationship with Iran, a legacy of its ensure neutrality. However, for Algeria, much is alsoat stakeif they can't meet the demand. [17] The conflict ended with the annexation of the Touat-Gourara-Tidikelt complex by France in 1901.[18]. At the end of July, King Mohamed VI had complained about the . Hostilities between Morocco and Algeria have taken on a new dimension in recent months, especially over the Western Sahara question. Although the conflict is by no means resolved, U.S. recognition is a major win for Morocco and therefore . Introduction: My name is Dong Thiel, I am a brainy, happy, tasty, lively, splendid, talented, cooperative person who loves writing and wants to share my knowledge and understanding with you. Reviews: 86% of readers found this page helpful, Address: 2865 Kasha Unions, West Corrinne, AK 05708-1071, Hobby: Graffiti, Foreign language learning, Gambling, Metalworking, Rowing, Sculling, Sewing. How to win the hot war in Ukraine - and the following Cold War. The Moroccan kingdom therefore continues to enjoy the support of the Americans, especially following the recognition by former US President Donald Trump of Moroccos claims to Western Sahara, in exchange for thenormalisationof relations between Morocco and Israel. The issue that would come to most dominate Algeria-Morocco relations in the 20th and 21st centuries is undoubtedly the question of Western Sahara. Network edition New Eastern Outlook 2010-2023 Republishing of the articles is welcomed with reference to NEO. 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